The Effect of Different Energy Level on The Ration to The Mating Acceleration of Local Sheep

Diterima: 30 Des 2018 The aim of this research was to ind the appropriate ration energy levels to determine the puberty time of ewes. The study used 12 offspring female sheep obtained from crossing Jonggol ewes of Animal Science Teaching and Research Unit (JASTRU) Faculty of Animal Science IPB with Garut male sheep. The animal age was approximately 2-3 months with the average body weight 9.79 ± 1.97 kg. The treatments were consisted of 3 rations which have different TDN level, namely: T1= 65% TDN, T2=70% TDN and T3= 75% TDN. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications. The measured variables were feed intake, average daily gain, and the irst matting age and body weight. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance. The results indicated that the ration energy levels did not signi icantly affected on the feed intake, average daily gain, as well as the irst mating age and body weight. The age of irst mating was 180-203 days with body weight at 18-22 kg. It is concluded that the TDN level between 65% -75% has similar response to accelerate the mating of local sheep. ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jurnalintpshowed the reducing expression of estrus, conception, fecundity and twinning rates in goats that consume ration with low energy.Koyuncu and Canbolat (2009) stated that the level of dietary energy supplement at pre-mating period can have a bene icial effect and can be practiced to improve the reproductive performance of ewes.The information of optimal energy content in ration for local sheep and its in luence to the speed of estrus and irst mating have not been widely available.The aim of this research was to ind the appropriate ration energy levels to determine the puberty time of local ewes.

Statistical Analysis
Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance.If the analysis results showed the signi icant differences, it will be tested using Orthogonal Contrast (Steel and Torrie 2003).
for the onset of puberty.Date of onset at the irst estrus was recorded for each female lamb and considered as an indicator for pubertal age.After the mating date has recorded, the sheep were immediately weighed to determine the body weight at the time of mating.
Completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications was used on this experiment.The treatments were: T1 = ration with TDN 65%, T2 = ration with TDN 70% and T3 = ration with TDN 75%.The variables were feed intake, nutrient intakes, average daily gain, feed ef iciency, proportion of weight change, as well as the age and body weight of irst mating.
Twelve female local sheep used in the experiment with an initial age of 2-3 months old and bodyweight 9.79±1.97kg.Animals were housed on individual cages.The female lambs were fed diets containing the different level of TDN, namely T1=65% TDN, T2=70% TDN and T3=75% TDN.The Ingredient composition of the experimental diets are presented on Table 1 and nutrient compositions of the diets shown in Table 2. Sheep were freely allowed to feed and water.The feed was given twice at around 06.00 pm and 14.00 pm.Concentrates and forage were given separately.Body weight gain was obtained by weighing scale every two weeks.

Animals and Diets
The Estrus detection was carried out after the lamb brood stock achieve 60% of mature body weight (13-18 kg), or the age of 5-6 months.Estrus detection was done by using a ram teaser.The teaser was released in the cage after feeding in the morning and afternoon.Based on the teaser detection, the female sheep were removed from individual cages to make sure whether female sheep were estrus.The female sheep was already considered estrus in case it was silent when it was ridden by teaser during mating.The onset of irst estrus was used as an indicator

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The energy levels of ration had not signi icant different affected on the consumption of grass, concentrate and total dry matter.The amount of DM -1 -1 -1 intake ration was ranged from 450.29 to 517.21 g h day , or 3.20% -3.49% of body weight.This is due to the way of sheep to obtain the feed was based on the physical nature and composition of the feed nutrients which are similar.Parakkasi (1999) stated that the factors affecting feed intake of dry material in ruminants included physical nature and chemical composition of feed.Result is still in line with the recommendation of NRC (1985), that the sheep weighing 10-20 kg requires dry matter on 3-5% of body weight.The ration with 65%, 70% and 75% of TDN content could provide the suf icient dry matter to growth ewes.
The consumption of grass, concentrate, dry matter and nutrients on local sheep with different level energy diets are showed in Table 3.The data showed (Table 4) that T1 and T2 and T3 have not signi icantly different on average body weight at puberty.However, average body weight at puberty tended to be slightly increased with the increasing of energy level on ration.Chelikani et al. (2003) stated that both of average daily gain and body weight are contributed to 96% of the variation in attaining puberty.Shirley et al. (2001) found that the heavier ewes tended to produce more growth hormone (GH) attained puberty earlier than lighter weight ewes.Wells et al. (2003) suggested that thyroxin (T4) may be an indicator of onset of puberty because T4 rises gradually from the low concentrations just before the onset of breeding season to the peak concentrations just before the transition to the estrus.EI-Saidy et al. (2008) suggested that female lambs growing at the faster rates exhibited their irst estrus and most likely conceive at a younger age than ewe lambs growing at slower rate.Furthermore, Ionel et al. (2012) claimed that in general, the onset of puberty takes place in most of the ewes not only at the age of 6-9 months, but also at 3-4 months in breeds that mature earlier (much later than 18-20 months).The difference of energy content in the ration did not give a different effect on the age of irst matting.This suggests that the levels of energy ration at 65% TDN is suf icient to accelerate the puberty of local sheep.
Consumption of crude protein (CP) and TDN of treatment T1 is lower than T2 and T3 of treatment, although not statistically signi icant.T2 and T3 of treatment have the CP consumption value almost equal, but the value of TDN consumption is lower than T3.Total consumption of digestible nutrients is similar to the research conducted by Rianto et al. (2006) and lower than the NRC recommendations (1985) the sheep weighing 10-20 kg live crude protein should consume approximately 127- 167 g h day and TDN of about 400-800 g h day .The consumption of crude protein and TDN on this research is lower than the recommendation standard requirements of NRC.